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Sexually transmitted disease is attributed to urinating under a full moon. People with buda, "evil eye," are said to be able to harm others by looking at them. Ethiopians often complain of rasehn, "my head" (often saying it burns); yazorehnyal, "spinning" (not a true vertigo); and libehn, "my heart" (usually indicating dyspepsia rather than a cardiac problem). Most Ethiopians have faith in traditional healers and procedures. In children, uvulectomy (to prevent presumed suffocation during pharyngitis in babies), the extraction of lower incisors (to prevent diarrhea), and the incision of eyelids (to prevent or cure conjunctivitis) are common.

Oromos were tortured more often than Somalis, whereas Oromo men and Somali women were the ethnic/gender groups most often tortured. A number of possible explanations can be posited. The very high rates in the Oromo community may reflect long-standing interethnic conflicts. Somali women were more often tortured than Somali men. Anecdotally, Somali men were either killed in their home country or able to escape unharmed, whereas women and children had a more difficult time leaving the country.

In 2000, EPRDF set fire haphazardly to all Oromia forests, including Bale forest which was recognized by UNESCO for its endemic fauna and flora. The Oromo students from elementary and high schools, and universities protested this atrocity referred to by conservationist as ‘ecological genocide’. The response to the student protest, as Human Rights Watch reported, was bloodshed. Similarly in 2001, police killed more than 30 people and wounded an estimated 400 more in putting down a student demonstration at the Addis Ababa University . In 2002, police opened machine-gun fire on protesters in Awassa, killing an estimated 38 people. Many students were kept in prison for months without ever being brought to court, a clear violation of human rights and the constitution of the regime itself in a manner …

Epidemiological survey conducted between 1997 - 1999 among survivors of war or mass violence (aged >16 years) who were randomly selected from community populations in Algeria (n=653), Cambodia (n=610), Ethiopia (n=1200), and Gaza (n=585).